Advanced computer architecture, arithmetic pipeline design, modern CPU, digital circuitry, logic gates, ALU, registers, data paths, control units, clock signals, pipelining, instruction fetch, decode, execute, memory access, write back, RISC, CISC, superscalar, out-of-order execution, branch prediction, cache hierarchy, memory wall, parallel processing, SIMD, MIMD, systolic array, FPGA, ASIC, VHDL, Verilog, RTL design, pipelined processor, execution units, load-store architecture, Harvard architecture, von Neumann architecture, 3D visualization, block diagram, circuit diagram, flowchart, UML diagrams.