Natural ventilation, operable windows, clerestory windows, skylights, solar chimneys, windcatchers, whole-house fans, heat recovery systems, evaporative cooling systems, radiant cooling panels, displacement ventilation, personalized ventilation, air-side economizers, demand-controlled ventilation, occupancy-based ventilation, mixed-mode ventilation, natural convection, stack effect, thermal mass, night flushing, shading devices, louvers, overhangs, light shelves, reflective surfaces, high-albedo materials, green roofs, living walls, urban microclimate, pedestrian comfort, outdoor air quality, pollutant dispersion.